Documents matching your search: 33 [shown 10]
- History of Welding
Accordance to query: 43.46%
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... History of Welding The history of welding goes back several millennia, with the earliest examples from the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in Europe and the Middle East...
More: http://euwelding.com/post_1200287944.html
... Welding was used in the construction of the Iron pillar in Delhi, India...
... The Middle Ages brought advances in forge welding, in which blacksmiths pounded heated metal repeatedly until bonding occurred...
... Renaissance craftsmen were skilled in the welding , and the industry continued to grow during the following centuries...
... Welding was transformed during the 19th century—in 1800, Sir Humphry Davy discovered the electric arc, and advances in arc welding continued with the inventions of metal electrodes by a Russian, Nikolai Slavyanov, and an American, C...
... Coffin in the late 1800s, even as carbon arc welding , which used a carbon electrode...
... Strohmenger released a coated metal electrode in Britain, which gave a more stable arc, and in 1919, alternating current welding was invented by C...
... Resistance welding was also developed during the final decades of the 19th century, with the first patents going to Elihu Thomson in 1885, who produced further advances over the next 15 years...
... Thermite welding was invented in 1893, and around that time, another process, oxyfuel welding , became well established...
... Acetylene was discovered in 1836 by Edmund Davy, but its use was not practical in welding until about 1900, when a suitable blowtorch was developed...
... At first, oxyfuel welding was one of the more popular welding methods due to its portability and relatively low cost...
... As the 20th century progressed, however, oxyfuel welding fell out of favor for industrial applications...
... It was largely replaced with arc welding , as metal coverings (known as flux) for the electrode that stabilize the arc and shield the base material from impurities continued to be developed...
... World War I caused a major surge in the use of welding processes , with the various military powers attempting to determine which of the several new welding processes would be best...
... The British primarily used arc welding, even constructing a ship, the Fulagar, with an entirely welded hull...
... The Americans were more hesitant, but began to recognize the benefits of arc welding when the process allowed them to repair their ships quickly after German attacks in the New York Harbor at the beginning of the war...
... Arc welding was first applied to aircraft during the war as well, as some German airplane fuselages were constructed using the process...
... During the 1920s, major advances were made in welding technology , including the introduction of automatic welding in 1920, in which electrode wire was fed continuously...
... Porosity and brittleness were the primary problems, and the solutions that developed included the use of hydrogen, argon, and helium as welding atmospheres...
... During the following decade, further advances allowed for the welding of reactive metals like aluminum and magnesium...
... This, in conjunction with developments in automatic welding , alternating current, and fluxes fed a major expansion of arc welding during the 1930s and then during World War II...
... During the middle of the century, many new welding methods were invented...
... 1930 saw the release of stud welding , which soon became popular in shipbuilding and construction...
... Submerged arc welding was invented the same year, and continues to be popular today...
... Gas tungsten arc welding , after decades of development, was finally perfected in 1941, and gas metal arc welding followed in 1948, allowing for fast welding of non-ferrous materials but requiring expensive shielding gases...
... Shielded metal arc welding was developed during the 1950s, using a flux coated consumable electrode, and it quickly became the most popular metal arc welding process...
... In 1957, the flux-cored arc welding process debuted, in which the self-shielded wire electrode could be used with automatic equipment, resulting in greatly increased welding speeds, and that same year, plasma arc welding was invented...
... Electroslag welding was introduced in 1958, and it was followed by its cousin, electrogas welding , in 1961...
... Other recent developments in welding include the 1958 breakthrough of electron beam welding , making deep and narrow welding possible through the concentrated heat source...
... Following the invention of the laser in 1960, laser beam welding debuted several decades later, and has proved to be especially useful in high-speed, automated welding... - New international welding standard designed to ease stresses
Accordance to query: 11.01%
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... New international welding standard designed to ease stresses The Southern African Institute of Welding (SAIW) conducted its first ISO 3834 certification process in September this year, in accordance with the International Institute of Welding and the European Federation for Welding certification system, awarding local manufacturer Stainless Fabricators with the first ISO 3834 certification in the country...
More: http://euwelding.com/post_1202077031.html
... Stainless Fabricators MD Peter Viljoen says previous dealings with end-users such as Sasol entailed rigorous auditing, since the ISO 9000 system did not incorporate welding fabrication-specific issues...
... 'The emphasis of the ISO 3834 system is on quality management systems specifically in the welding systems , and covers all facets of welding...
... He says the ISO 9000 system lacked the depth to deal with sophisticated projects, and often manufacturers were unable to deliver to end-user specification...
... 'With the implementation of the ISO 3834 , there is a standard and norm for welding , and end-users are realising that there is really no need for duplication work, and the cost that implies...
... ' Welding is considered a special process because the final result may not be capable of being verified by routine testing...
... this means that welding normally requires continuous control and that specified procedures be followed...
... The ISO 3834 standard concerning quality requirements in welding has been specifically prepared to identify the controls and procedures required to produce welds of a quality level acceptable to the end- user of the product...
... 'It should be noted that it is not a quality system standard replacing ISO 9001 : 2000, but it can form a useful tool when ISO 9001 is applied by manufacturers...
... However, ISO 3834 can be used independ- ently of ISO 9001 : 2000...
... ' The main advantages for a fabricator choosing to implement the International Welding Fabricator Certification Scheme, through the ISO 3834 standard, includes the welding process-specific quality tool , which can stand alone, or be used with ISO 9001 : 2000...
... The welding process quality management tool is audited by welding industry experts so that true value is added for the fabricator's benefit...
... He says that welding is a unique process in that the final result cannot be verified by testing only, but that the quality of the finished product is incorporated in the entire process thorough a continuously monitored control system, which follows specific procedures...
... Although the need for such a standard was identified many years ago, Viljoen says it was not until recently, when the European Federation for Welding developed the standard , owing to competitiveness and unification with Europe , that the local industry responded to the need...
... Since January this year, the system has been available to members of the International Institute of Welding , says Viljoen...
... With the accreditation of Stainless Fabricators, the SAIW also received its international accreditation from the International Institute of Welding... - Welding methods and welding history
Accordance to query: 10.86%
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... Welding methods and welding history Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence...
More: http://euwelding.com/post_1200286728.html
... Many different energy sources can be used for welding , including a gas flame, an electric arc, a laser, an electron beam, friction, and ultrasound...
... While often an industrial process, welding can be done in many different environments, including open air, underwater and in space...
... Regardless of location, however, welding remains dangerous, and precautions must be taken to avoid burns, electric shock, poisonous fumes, and overexposure to ultraviolet light...
... Until the end of the 19th century, the only welding process was forge welding , which blacksmiths had used for centuries to join metals by heating and pounding them...
... Arc welding and oxyfuel welding were among the first processes to develop late in the century, and resistance welding followed soon after...
... Welding technology advanced quickly during the early 20th century as World War I and II drove the demand for reliable and inexpensive joining methods...
... Following the wars, several modern welding techniques were developed, including manual methods like shielded metal arc welding , now one of the most popular welding methods , as well as semi-automatic and automatic processes such as gas metal arc welding , submerged arc welding , flux-cored arc welding and electroslag welding...
... Developments continued with the invention of laser beam welding and electron beam welding in the latter half of the century...
... Robot welding is becoming more commonplace in industrial settings, and researchers continue to develop new welding methods and gain greater understanding of weld quality and properties... - Welding Costs and Trends
Accordance to query: 10.86%
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... Welding Costs and Trends As an industrial process, the cost of welding plays a crucial role in manufacturing decisions...
More: http://euwelding.com/post_1200289071.html
... Depending on the process, equipment cost can vary, from inexpensive for methods like shielded metal arc welding and oxyfuel welding , to extremely expensive for methods like laser beam welding and electron beam welding...
... Labor cost depends on the deposition rate (the rate of welding ), the hourly wage, and the total operation time, including both time welding and handling the part...
... Finally, energy cost depends on arc time and welding power demand...
... For manual welding methods , labor costs generally make up the vast majority of the total cost...
... To do this, welding procedures with high deposition rates can be selected, and weld parameters can be fine-tuned to increase welding speed...
... Material costs tend to increase when special properties are necessary, and energy costs normally do not amount to more than several percent of the total welding cost...
... In recent years, in order to minimize labor costs in high production manufacturing, industrial welding has become increasingly more automated, most notably with the use of robots in resistance spot welding (especially in the automotive industry) and in arc welding...
... In robot welding , mechanized devices both hold the material and perform the weld , and at first, spot welding was its most common application...
... But robotic arc welding has been increasing in popularity as technology has advanced...
... Other key areas of research and development include the welding of dissimilar materials (such as steel and aluminum, for example) and new welding processes , such as friction stir, magnetic pulse, conductive heat seam, and laser-hybrid welding...
... Furthermore, progress is desired in making more specialized methods like laser beam welding practical for more applications, such as in the aerospace and automotive industries... - Arc welding Power supplies
Accordance to query: 6.65%
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... Arc welding Power supplies To supply the electrical energy necessary for arc welding processes , a number of different power supplies can be used...
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... In arc welding , the length of the arc is directly related to the voltage, and the amount of heat input is related to the current...
... Constant current power supplies are most often used for manual welding processes such as gas tungsten arc welding and shielded metal arc welding , because they maintain a relatively constant current even as the voltage varies...
... This is important because in manual arc welding , it can be difficult to hold the electrode perfectly steady, and as a result, the arc length and thus voltage tend to fluctuate...
... Constant voltage power supplies hold the voltage constant and vary the current, and as a result, are most often used for automated welding processes such as gas metal arc welding , flux cored arc welding , and submerged arc welding...
... The type of current used in arc welding also plays an important role in welding...
... Consumable electrode processes such as shielded metal arc welding and gas metal arc welding generally use direct current, but the electrode can be charged either positively or negatively...
... In welding , the positively charged anode will have a greater heat concentration, and as a result, changing the polarity of the electrode has an impact on weld properties...
... If the electrode is positively charged, the base metal will be hotter, increasing weld penetration and welding speed...
... Nonconsumable electrode processes, such as gas tungsten arc welding, can use either type of direct current, as well as alternating current... - Electron Beam Welding
Accordance to query: 5.26%
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... Electron Beam Welding Electron beam welding is a welding process which produces coalescence of metals with the heat obtained from a concentrated beam composed primarily of high-velocity electrons impinging upon the surfaces to be joined...
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... The electron beam welding process had its inception in the 1950s in the nuclear field...
... In welding , the target is the base metal which absorbs the heat to bring it to the molten stage...
... In electron beam welding, X-rays may be produced if the electrical potential is sufficiently high...
... One of the major advantages of electron beam welding is its tremendous penetration...
... The heat input of electron beam welding is controlled by four variables: the number of electrons per second hitting the work piece or beam current, the electron speed at the moment of impact, the accelerating potential, the diameter of the beam at or within the work-piece, the beam spot size , and the speed of travel or the welding speed...
... The first two variables, beam current and accelerating potential, are used in establishing welding parameters...
... The weld joint details for electron beam welding must be selected with care...
... In high vacuum chamber welding special techniques must be used to properly align the electron beam with the joint...
... Welds are extremely narrow and therefore preparation for welding must be extremely accurate...
... Filler metal is not used in electron beam welding...
... however, when welding mild steel highly deoxidized filler metal is sometimes used...
... Almost all metals can be welded with the electron beam welding process... - Welding and cutting automation to be exhibited
Accordance to query: 5.26%
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... Welding and cutting automation to be exhibited Equipment for the robotic automation of MIG and TIG welding equipment as well as plasma-arc cutting automation systems will be demonstrated at MACH 2008 for complex fabrications Industrial equipment supplier and sole UK representative for Cebora welding products , Wilkinson Star of Worsley, Manchester, will be launching a series of welding automation systems at the UK's MACH 2008 machine tool exhibition in April...
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... A Cebora Sound AC/DC 4560/T inverter based Synergic pulsed power source for robot TIG welding...
... There will also be a number of other high performance welding power sources and ancillary equipment from the Cebora welding automation range...
... MIG 3840/T inverter - the MIG 3840/T inverter MIG/MAG power source is rated 380A at 40% duty cycle and can be used with solid and cored welding wires...
... Managing director at Wilkinson Star, Stephen Murray, said: 'MACH 2008 is an excellent platform on which to launch the latest Welding Automation systems available from Cebora...
... As a Company, we have extensive experience in selling high technology welding products and our welding team has the knowledge and experience required to continue taking us forward with welding automation...
... Welding Automation opens up new industries and opportunities for Wilkinson Star and also Cebora, who we have represented in the UK for many years'... - Welding standards
Accordance to query: 2.49%
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... Welding standards Welding standards are documents that govern and guide welding activities...
More: http://euwelding.com/post_1202077477.html
... " Welding standards " is a comprehensive term that includes codes, specifications, recommended practices, classifications, methods and guides...
... The voluntary character of Welding standards becomes mandatory when so established by procurement documents, or when specified by governmental authorities having jurisdiction, for public safety, upon that type of regulated subject...
... The larger scope of " standardization ", that includes of course Welding standards , is to promote compatibility and competition of products and services, to improve quality and reliability at a reasonable price, and to simplify products for greater usability and ease of maintenance...
... With the progress of globalization and international supplies of goods and services all over the world, Welding standards are required to be increasingly understood and applicable everywhere...
... Therefore there is an ongoing effort to obtain the largest available consensus on truly international Welding standards , issued by ISO (International Standardization Organization)...
... Although we cannot cover every single document that may be required, we present hereafter a list of most popular Welding standards hoping to do a service to our readers who may look for particular answers to their problems...
... Reading and learning Welding standards is also a recommended self-improvement habit that can contribute noticeably to personal growing and professionalism... - Welding Inspection Automated Vision Systems Improve Quality
Accordance to query: 2.49%
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... Welding Inspection Automated Vision Systems Improve Quality Automated vision systems for in-process welding and for quality inspection helps to improve the bottom line as well as the quality of the welding process...
More: http://euwelding.com/post_1204175942.html
... Vision systems have to be considered separately for welding processe s and for inspection applications , Dean Elkins, senior general manager for the Midwest and eastern regions for Motoman, said...
... "If we look at vision systems as they relate to the welding process , interest in that has grown from problems in variations in piece parts that customers are getting from their suppliers," Dean Elkins said...
... They adjust welding parameters when needed...
... Then the robot can speed up or slow down, decrease or increase wire feed speed, and increase or decrease deposition of metal to provide more of a lights out approach to welding ," Dean Elkins said...
... subsidiary of the Canadian-based company, said his company has seen a trend toward more automated vision systems for welding...
... "Shops maybe have one or two robots to handle welding jobs , but they don’t think about the inspection...
... It is not that small shops aren’t interested in automated welding inspection , but there’s a misconception that if they adopt automated vision inspection a shop can eliminate its quality person...
... I have to tell them ‘you still need a person in quality who knows welding to understand what the vision system is telling them,’ " Jeff Noruk said... - Laser Beam Welding
Accordance to query: 1.66%
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... Laser Beam Welding Laser beam welding is a welding process which produces coalescence of materials with the heat obtained from the application of a concentrated coherent light beam impinging upon the surfaces to be joined...
More: http://euwelding.com/post_1202071899.html
... The laser can be compared to solar light beam for welding...
... When using the laser beam for welding the electromagnetic radiation impinges on the surface of the base metal with such a concentration of energy that the temperature of the surface is melted and volatilized...
... The welding characteristics of the laser and of the electron beam are similar...
... Laser beam welding has a tremendous temperature differential between the molten metal and the base metal immediately adjacent to the weld...
... Heating and cooling rates are much higher in laser beam welding than in arc welding , and the heat-affected zones are much smaller...